BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The Council Recommendation of 12 July 1999 (2) on the limiting of exposure of the general public to electromagnetic fields (0 Hz to 300 GHz) establishes the fundamental limitations and reference values for exposure to electromagnetic fields for the general population (EMFs). These recommendations were produced by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP), and they served as the basis for the establishment of these limits and reference levels (3). In its judgment on the health consequences of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) from 25–26 June 1998, the Scientific Steering Committee (SSC)(4) had given its approval to the ICNIRP recommendations (5).
The growing likelihood of being subjected to electromagnetic fields (EMF) as a result of continued increases in the consumption of electrical power, ongoing advancements in technological capabilities within the realm of telecommunications, and a precipitous rise in the number of transmitting masts deployed for use as radiotelephone base stations are what inspired this line of research. In the environment, prominent sources of exposure to extremely low frequencies (ELF) include not only home, industrial, and medical electrical equipment and gadgets, but also high voltage overhead transmission lines (and, to a lesser degree, subterranean cables). The conclusion reached by the CSTEE in their opinion "on Possible effects of electromagnetic fields (EMF), radio frequency fields (RF), and microwave radiation on human health"(8), which was issued on October 30, 2001, was that the new information that had become available since the SSC opinion issued in June 1999 did not justify a revision of the exposure limits that were recommended by the Council (9).
Since the CSTEE opinion was released in 2001, a significant number of scientific publications and reviews on the possible health effects of electromagnetic fields (EMF) (most of which focus on mobile telephones) have become available. Some examples of these include the 2002 Dutch report(10), the 2003 AGNIR report(11), and the 2004 British National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) report on "Mobile phones and health"(12), which is the most recent of these publications and reviews. The National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) offered a comprehensive analysis of the most current scientific literature as well as an important addition to the ongoing debate over the potential risks associated with using mobile phones. The report came to the conclusion that there is currently no hard evidence to suggest that mobile phone technologies are having a negative impact on the health of the general public; however, there are still a number of uncertainties, and it is recommended that a continued precautionary approach be taken until the situation is clarified.
Research and development (R&D) initiatives sponsored by the community, national programs, and work carried out as part of the International Electromagnetic Fields Project of the World Health Organization are all likely to provide more findings within the near future (WHO).
In 1996, the World Health Organization (WHO), as part of its mission to protect public health and in response to public concern over the health effects of EMF exposure, established the International EMF Project(16) to evaluate the scientific evidence of possible health effects of EMF in the frequency range from 0 to 300 GHz. The frequency range in question is specified in the previous sentence. The EMF Project fosters targeted research with the goals of filling key knowledge gaps and facilitating the creation of globally recognized criteria for reducing exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF).
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